一、阅读理解
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A．They developed very fast.    B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patters.    D．They were closely connected
2．Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？
A．Complex.    B．Advanced.
C．Powerful.    D．Modern.
3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A．About 6,800 .    B．About 3,400
C．About 2,400    D．About 1,200.
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．New languages will be created.
B．Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
 
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
5．What do we know about Susanna Reid? 学-科网
A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests.    B．She has started a new programme.
C．She dislikes working early in the morning.    D．She has had a light budget for her family.
6．How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A．He buys cooking materials for her.    B．He prepares food for her kids.
C．He assists her in cooking matters.    D．He invites guest families for her.
7．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.    B．Provide some advice for the readers.
C．Add some background information.    D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart    B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making yourself a Perfect Chef    D．Cooking Well for Less
 
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t
even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
9．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A．Addiction to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
10．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A．Showing good manners.    B．Relating to other people.
C．Focusing on a topic.    D．Making business deals.
11．What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A．It improves family relationships.    B．It raises people’s confidence.
C．It matters as much as a formal talk.    D．It makes people feel good.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．Conversation Counts    B．Ways of Making Small Talk
C．Benefits of Small Talk    D．Uncomfortable Silence
 
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.
"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.
"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
13．Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A．following the latest world trend
B．getting international recognition
C．working harder than ever before
D．relying on foreign architects
14．What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A．Its hilly environment.
B．Its large size.
C．Its unique style.
D．Its diverse functions.
15．What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A．The mixture of different shapes.
B．The balance of East and West.
C．The use of popular techniques.
D．The harmony of old and new.
16．What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A．Spread them to the world.    B．Preserve them at museums.
C．Teach them in universities.    D．Recreate them in practice.
 
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
17．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more, the better.    B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.    D．Earn more and spend more.
18．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A．Saving up for her holiday    B．Raising money for a poor girl
C．Adding the money to her fund    D．Giving the money to a sick mother
19．Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A．To try out an idea
B．To show a parent’s love
C．To train his attention
D．To help him start a hobby
20．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Take It or Leave It    B．A Lesson from Kids
C．Live More with Less    D．The Pleasure of Giving
 
My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.zxxk
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.
21．A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
A．was well trained    B．felt scared
C．made up his mind to run    D．lost hope
22．Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C．To show he was not talented in sports.
D．To share a precious memory.
23．How was the author’s first marathon?
A．He made it.    B．He quit halfway.
C．He got the first prize.    D．He walked to the end.
24．What does the story mainly tell us?
A．A man owes his success to his family support.
B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C．Failure is the mother of success.
D．One is never too old to learn.
 
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times
Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November.
Admission Charges

	Hall & Gardens	Gardens
Adults:	£12.00	£8.00
Groups	£9	£5.5

 
Special Events
Producers: Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day 28th August
Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
25．How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes.
C．45 minutes. D．90 minutes.
26．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?
A．£12.00. B．£9.00.
C．£8.0 D．£5.50
27．Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A．Producers’ Market. B．Holker Garden Festival.
C．National Garden Day. D．Winter Market.
 
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
28．According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A．help deal with transportation-related problems
B．provide better services to customers
C．cause damage to our environment
D．make some people lose jobs
29．As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A．Safety.    B．Side effects.
C．Affordability.    D．Management.
30．What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Employed.    B．Replaced.
C．Shared.    D．Reduced.
31．What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A．Doubtful.    B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.    D．Sympathetic.
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
32．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
33．What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
34．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
 
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
36．What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
D．Creatures forced out of their homes.
37．Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A．To rescue a woman.
B．To take care of a woman.
C．To look at a baby owl.
D．To cure a young owl.
38．What made the chick calm down?
A．A new nest.
B．Some food.
C．A recording.
D．Its parents.
39．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A．It’s unexpected.
B．It’s beautiful.
C．It’s humorous.
D．It’s discouraging.
 
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running: February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way  to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer. (Included in ticket price)
Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request
Duration ( 时长 ) :2 hours
Price: $90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running: August 16th through August 31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:30 pm
Duration : 2 hours
Price:  $90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running: October 10th through October 31 st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running: December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San
Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into theholiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00  pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
40．Which of the tours is available in March?
A．San Francisco Winery Tour.
B．Back to the Fifties Tour.
C．Spooky Halloween Tour.
D．Holiday Lights Tour.
41．What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour'?
A．Go to Treasure Island.
B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C．Have free ice cream.
D．Visit the Presidio district.
42．What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A．Take some drinks.
B．Set off early in the morning.
C．Wear warm clothes.
D．Make reservations in advance.
 
Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone.
Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. “It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.
In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.
Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He says he wished he had traveled alone earlier. “The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person,” said the 30-year-old man.
Richardson describes traveling alone like “a shot in the arm”, which “makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything”. He said, “The feeling of having overcome something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I’m dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.”
The great 19^thcentury explorer John Muir once said, “Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.”
43．Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?
A．Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone.
B．It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries.
C．It is comfortable to travel around without a friend.
D．Traveling abroad helps people to find new things.
44．Traveling alone is challenging because ________.
A．you have to make things on your own
B．it is hard for you to prove yourself to others
C．you can only depend on yourself whatever happens
D．it will finally build your character
45．What can we infer about Chris Richardson?
A．He started traveling alone at an early age.
B．He was once shot in the arm.
C．He used to work as a salesman.
D．His website inspires others a lot.
46．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Travel Abroad    B．Travel Alone
C．Travel Light    D．Travel Wide and Far
 
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
47．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1.
B．In Building 3.
C．At the last Dome.
D．At the Denny Way entrance.
48．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A．Train Science teachers.
B．Distribute science books.
C．Distribute scientific research.
D．Take science to the classroom.
49．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A．To encourage donations.
B．To advertise coming events.
C．To introduce special exhibits.
D．To tell about the Center’s history.
 
The annual World Economic Forum took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan. 23-26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes for you?
★Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group
“I think globalization cannot be stopped — no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve (结束) the war not cause the war,” said Ma in Davos, “Google, Facebook, Amazon and Alibaba — we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”
★Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD
“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in a speech in Davos. “How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? That’s the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, if we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.
★Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip
“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told Sina.com in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC．A refers to AI, B is big data, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.
★Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun
“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.
50．What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?
A．More huge jumps in profits.    B．The joined efforts of mankind.
C．Reducing production costs.    D．The role of science in business.
51．What is the main business of Ctrip?
A．Tourism.    B．The creation of AI.
C．Computer.    D．Financial service online.
52．What does Hu think will promote global economic development?
A．Economy recovery.    B．The World Economic Forum.
C．Cloud computing.    D．Financial efficiency.
 
    After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
53．What is the text mainly about?
A．Wildlife research in the United States.
B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
54．What does the underlined word ＂displaced＂ in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
55．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?
A．Damage to local ecology.
B．A decline in the park’s income.
C．Preservation of vegetation.
D．An increase in the variety of animals.
56．What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.
 
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
57．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.    B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older driver’s problems.    D．To teach people traffic rules.
58．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent.    B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.    D．It cures their mental illnesses.
59．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.    B．Develop driver-assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.    D．Organize regular physical checkups.
60．What is the best title for the text?
A．A new Model Electric Car    B．A Solution to Traffic Problem
C．Driving Service for elders    D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
参考答案
 
1．B
2．C
3．B
4．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
1．推理判断题。根据文章**段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
2．猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。
4．主旨要义题。根据文章**段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但*近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。
点睛：长难句解读
In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
分析：dominant前的and连接两个并列句，all和前面的名词短语trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications是同位语。
句意：在*近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族**的发展和全球义务教育的普及，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都导致许多语言消失。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语等主流语言正日益占据主导地位。
 
5．    B    
6．    C    
7．    C    
8．    D    
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
5．细节理解题。根据文章**段Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知，Susanna在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于£5的一个家庭一整天的食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help of和help。
7．写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food节目是Save Money: Good Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从市场上众多的健康产品中获取价值。也*是给这个节目补充背景信息，故选C。
8．主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜）；how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于£5的一个家庭一整天的食谱；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵但仍然可口的食谱。故D项Cooking Well for Less是*佳标题。
【点睛】
本篇文章学生感到比较难的是26题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,…可知作者是为读者介绍了Save Money这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息。
 
9．    C    
10．    B    
11．    D    
12．    C    
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
9．主旨大意题。题干问的是：**段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段*后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。
12．主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，*后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
【点睛】
我们在做阅读理解时，尽量找出每段的主讲内容（可能是一句话或是一个短语），这样有利于整篇文章的把握，有利于做文章大意题。如35题，很显然本文讲的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以ABD都可以轻松排除。
 
13．B
14．C
15．D
16．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是**个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。
16．推理判断题。根据文章*后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则*会是人工的和空的，故D正确。
【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出**判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也*是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
此题的**小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是**个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。
 
17．    A    
18．    C    
19．    A    
20．    C    
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
17．词义猜测题。根据文章**段*后一句…I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把*玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意*玩具。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据文章*后一段*后一句My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章**段可知，作者想要教会孩子how to live more with less，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。
【点睛】 高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。
语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。此题中**题为词义猜测题。根据文章**段的第三句the good news is that I can …可以推断出，前后语义相反，后句中是live more with less，所以前句应该是“越多越好”的意思。
 
21．C
22．C
23．A
24．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己**次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
21．细节理解题。根据文章**段*后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead.可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.可知，作者坚持到了*后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是**名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据*后一段Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
此题中的前三题为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如**题为转述型，I was determined to go ahead即made up his mind to run。第二题为语义理解题。根据文章第二段的信息In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well.可知，作者没有运动天赋。而第三题则为转述型，根据信息句I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.可知，作者跑完了马拉松，正好与made it 意义相同。
 
25．D
26．B
27．D
【解析】
【分析】
文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。
25．细节理解题。根据**段How to Get to Holker中By car里Approximate travel times后面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1 hour and 30 minutes，即90分钟，故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据Admission Charges可知，团体中的一员去Hall & Gardens 需要支付9英镑。
27．细节理解题。根据文章*后一段Winter Market中*后一句Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去Winter Market。故选D。
【点睛】
文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
此题中的三题全为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如**题为转述型，1 hour and 30 minutes，即90分钟。第二题和第三题则为简单的一一对应型，只要找到信息句即可得出答案。
 
28．A
29．D
30．A
31．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.可知，政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据文章**段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.可知，不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章*后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
30．词义猜测题。根据第四段The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed被应用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被减少。故选A。
31．观点态度题。根据文章*后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的 advancement，move more people, and more affordably.以及plan for it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
如本题*后一题为观点态度题，根据文中reduce carbon emissions，cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% ，appealing，comfortable，advancement，move more people, and more affordably.，等词汇可以推断出作者对无人驾驶汽车持积极态度。故选B。
 
32．D
33．A
34．D
35．A
【解析】
【分析】
文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
32．细节理解题。根据**段one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。
33．词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans on plastic bags，故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。
35．标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，*适合作为标题。故选A。
点睛：概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，*通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容*能准确概括文章标题)。小题4要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。
 
36．    A    
37．    C    
38．    A    
39．    B    
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到*后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。
36．细节理解题。根据文章**段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也*是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快*安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合**段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
 
40．A
41．C
42．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是广告类阅读。本文有四则广告，每一个广告介绍了各自旅游项目的内容，时间及费用等信息。
40．推理判断题。根据文章**则广告中的首句“Running: February 1st through April 30th”可知，这个旅游活动是从２月持续到4月份的，所以三月份有San Francisco Winery Tour旅游.，故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，在活动中人们可以享受到免费的冰淇淋。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据*后一个活动中的“Advance reservations required.”可知，参加holiday Lights Tour需要人们提前预约。D项Make reservations in advance（提前预约），即为advance reservation required的转述。故选D。
【点睛】
文章细节的理解题技巧
文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一类表达。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。
本篇文章三个小题都属于细节理解题。
 
43．A
44．C
45．C
46．B
【解析】试题分析:本文提到现在年轻人流行的旅行方式，独自一人去旅行，不是因为没有人做伴而是想独自一个人去面对旅行中遇到的种种问题，挑战自我，让自己变得更自信。
43．A*佳标题。根据第二段Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life.提到Wegscheider认为每个人一生中应该*少这样做一次单独的旅行。所以他认为独自旅行是必需的，故选A。
44．C 猜测词义题。根据第三段提到In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen. It is challenging，在外国，没有人帮助你看地图，生病了也没有人照顾，如果钱包丢了还得去借钱，这是非常具有挑战的。所以独自旅行很有挑战是因为无论发生什么事情你得依靠自己，选C。
45．C 细节理解题。根据第四段中提到的. Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year可知Richardson决定放弃澳大利亚的销售工作去旅行，可推知，他以前是做销售的。故选C。
46．B*佳标题。根据**段提到现在年轻人流行的旅行方式，独自一人去旅行，不是因为没有人做伴而是想独自一个人去面对旅行中遇到的种种问题，挑战自我，让自己变得更自信，由此判断选B。
考点：考查社会现象类短文阅读
 
47．    B    
48．    D    
49．    A    
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、*餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
47．细节理解题。根据题干关键词souvenir定位在**段The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.可知，Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼的楼上。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据题干for school定位在*后一段Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington State可知，现在Pacific Science Center每年向130多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到华盛顿州的学校课程。故选D。
49．写作意图题。根据*后一段标题Support Pacific Science Center和信息句Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也*是鼓励人们为之捐赠。故选A。
 
50．    B    
51．    A    
52．    C    
【解析】
【分析】
文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。
50．B
推理判断题。根据Jack Ma中I think globalization cannot be stopped-no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.和Richard Liu中I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners.可知这两个中国企业家更关注合作和人类的共同努力，故选B.
51．A
细节推理题。根据Jane Sun中Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知Ctrip的主要业务是旅游业，故选A.
52．C
细节推理题。根据*后一部分In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance可知各个**的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。故选C.
【名师点睛】
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中*简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题2根据Jane Sun中Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知Ctrip的主要业务是旅游业。小题3根据*后一部分In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance可知各个**的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。
 
53．D
54．C
55．A
56．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。因为人类活动侵占了灰狼的领域，黄石公园的灰狼数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。为了保护植被，美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼并带来良好的效果。
53．主旨大意题。文章开门见山指出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，之后在下文详细介绍了原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文主要是关于美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。故选D。
54．词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。故选C。
55．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少，由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地生态的破坏。故选A。
56．推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推广的。可知作者对黄石公园引进灰狼的态度是“积极的，赞成的”，故选B。
【点睛】
文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着**的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。例如：本文的第1小题：
解题剖析：此题属于细节理解中的（2）一一语言转述型。正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。
答案定位：第三段The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.定位答案位置在第三段。.
推理关系：题干What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？?文章内容Deer and elk populations—major food sources for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.(灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少。)
答案：?A选项Damage to local ecology
 
57．    C    
58．    A    
59．    B    
60．    D    
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前*不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员*开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。
57．细节理解题。由文章**段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drivel  AB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.可知，Drivel AB为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里。即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
58．细节理解题。由Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要。故选A。
59．推理判断题。由The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.可知，研究人员想要用技术解决的老年司机的关键难题。而且正在研究一种控制速度的系统。即开发驾驶员辅助技术，故选B。
60．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以 Keeping Older Drivers on the Road.为题更符合全文主旨，其他题目都太片面，不足以概括全文。故选D。
 
 
语法：
1．－Did you tell him that we’ve put off the meeting?
－No. He rushed out ________ I could say anything.
A．since B．after
C．before D．unless
2．Some of the texts have too many new words and expressions _______ are hard for me.
A．which B．who
C．where D．what
3．The volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountain,      several villages.
A．buried B．to bury C．burying D．being buried
4．Let’s get started      we ended yesterday so that we won’t miss anything.
A．where B．what C．whether D．which
5．I want to know ______ the thief was caught on the spot.
A．whether B．where
C．which D．what
6．He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____________.
A．being turned down B．to turn down
C．to be turned down D．turned down
7．We can always see how much time has passed when appreciating old photos,_____?
A．has it B．hasn't it
C．can we D．can't we
8．"We are here to help because we are one family _____we live in different parts of the world, "said the volunteer.
A．in that B．even though
C．so that D．as though
9．-Wow! So many different aliens’ appearances you draw!
-I ______many websites about aliens.
A．will visit B．was visiting
C．had visited D．have been visiting
10．Our headteacher____for months to make sure that we understand the importance ofconcentration.
A．tried    B．was trying    C．has been trying    D．is trying
11．Nothing happened____they got the photo developed, When they looked at the photo, they saw something hanging from the tree.
A．since    B．until    C．when    D．unless
12．Can you imagine ________ in the future.
A．how will our life like    B．what will our life like
C．what will our life be like    D．what our life will be like
13．__________ is known to us, the PRC was founded on October 1, 1949.
A．It    B．As    C．That    D．What
14．The room is nice________.
A．living in    B．to be lived    C．to live    D．to live in
15．Before starting the race, he gave me a ________ look.
A．determine    B．determining    C．determination    D．determined
16．It was the first time in my life that I ______ the wonderful scene.
A．saw    B．had seen    C．have seen    D．see
17．The steak in the restaurant was terrible. How I wish I     rice!
A．would order    B．ordered
C．order    D．had ordered
18．---Where is Mary?
---Oh, she went out after breakfast, and     her paper in the library ever since. You can find her there.
A．Wrote    B．had written
C．has been writing    D．is writing
19．When you’ve finished reading the book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf ,     ?
A．do you    B．don't you
C．will you    D．won't you
20．— It was hard work that won Frank the best scores on each test,       ?
— Yes. When it comes to study, hard work counts.
A．was it    B．wasn’t it
C．did it    D．didn’t it
21．Success always hides behind the next comer in the road, so you will never know how close it lies       you turn the comer.
A．as    B．if
C．though    D．unless
22．       great fame he has won, Kris Wu, a popular Chinese-Canadian singer, is trying to bridge the East and West with his music.
A．However    B．Whatever
C．Whenever    D．Wherever
23．Is       any possibility       the majority of the labour force will work at home in the next few decades?
A．it; that    B．there; whether
C．it; whether    D．there; that
24．The recent 40 years       great changes taking place all over China.
A．witnessed    B．has witnessed
C．had witnessed    D．witnesses
25．With the help of the English teacher, he has made      in his English writing.
A．a great progress    B．much progress
C．little progress    D．many progresses
26．He said that it was the third time he ______ Amazing China. He couldn’ t help feeling proud of our country.
A．saw    B．has seen
C．had seen    D．sees
27．–Alice! Give me the newspapers related to the 13th G20 Summit.
–OK, Mr. Green. I _____ them for you.
A．get    B．will get
C．can get    D．am going to get
28．________be “ hangry” (饿怒的)， I often have some healthy snacks during the meals.
A．So as to    B．So as not to
C．In order to    D．In order not to
29．_______the story is in the newspaper, everyone believes it is true.
A．Unless    B．For
C．Since    D．Until
30．Upon arriving home, they found their dog, Spot, which they ________ in the charge of Daniel, was starving to death.
A．left    B．would leave
C．had left    D．have left
31．Detective Sam Peterson told the journalists ________ they hadn’t dismissed the idea that Justin was taken away by the aliens, they were looking into other possibilities.
A．when    B．while
C．unless    D．until
32．A Cambodian boy has become famous on the Internet. When ________ about how he picked up so many languages, he said he learned them from other tourists.
A．asked    B．asking
C．being asked    D．having asked
33．--- I haven’t seen Jacky these days.
--- She ________ for the driving test due to take place next Monday.
A．will prepare    B．has been preparing
C．was preparing    D．prepared
34．— Do you know _________ made him successful in his career?
— Yes. His hard work and strong will, of course.
A．what it was that    B．what was it that
C．it was what that    D．was it what that
35．I’d appreciate _________ if you would like to teach me how to use the expression once more and I always appreciate _________ me with my English in the past.
A．that; you to help    B．this; your helping
C．it; you to help    D．it; your helping
36．_________, the student insisted that he should be separated from his roommates, who were noisy.
A．To avoid being affected    B．To avoid to be affected
C．Avoiding being affected    D．Avoiding to be affected
37．When I entered the step-classroom(阶梯教室), the lecture _________ and the people _________ attentively.
A．began, listened    B．was begun, was listening
C．had begun, listened    D．had begun, were listening
38．The town_________ we visited last month is the one_______ the famous painter was born .
A．where ; which    B．which ; where
C．in which ; that    D．where ; where
39．I am sorry. I __________ you _________ to me.
A．don’t know; are speaking    B．don’t know; were speaking
C．didn’t know; were speaking    D．didn’t know; are speaking
40．They were talking about the persons and things __________ they could remember in their former school.
A．where    B．whom
C．that    D．when
41．We will keep you __________ what will happen here.
A．informing of    B．to be informed
C．informed of    D．informing
42．I insisted that it         late and that we        for the night.
A．was; stopped    B．was; stop
C．be; stop    D．be; stopped
43．The teacher, along with the students,         playing this game.
A．like B．likes
C．is like D．are like
44．It was at the school gate _____ we gave the foreign visitors a warm welcome.
A．which    B．that
C．when    D．where
45．_____ ourselves from stress, we need deep thought and inner quietness.
A．Free    B．Freed
C．To free    D．Freeing
46．The twins, who _____ their homework, were allowed to play badminton in the yard.
A．will finish    B．finish
C．have finished    D．had finished
47．The day we were looking forward to ____ finally, when we won the first prize.
A．came    B．coming
C．come    D．had come
48．It is _____ problem that none of us can work it out.
A．so difficult    B．such difficult a
C．such difficult    D．so difficult a
49．—How many students do you think will be present at the meeting?
—I expect ______ 20 students at the meeting.
A．there being    B．there to be
C．there be    D．there been
50．---Mary has a very low opinion of George.
---It can' t be any worse than ____ of her.
A．he    B．his
C．him    D．he does
51．— Jenny looks hot and dry.
— So______ you if you had a high fever.
A．will    B．do
C．are    D．would
52．The truth, Sir, is that the old man____ across the street when my car hit him.
A．was to walk    B．had been walking
C．walked    D．was walking
53．This photo of mine was taken ______ stood the famous Eastern Bright Pearl in Shanghai.
A．which    B．in which
C．where    D．there
54．One thing about child raising to be certain of _______ that the longer the child is with its mother, the ______.
A．being, good    B．being, better
C．is, good    D．is, better
55．____ of the land in that country ______ covered with trees and grass.
A．Two fifth; is    B．Two fifth; are
C．Two fifths; is    D．Two fifths; are
56．Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could _____the poor people in the flooded area.
A．help    B．to help
C．helping    D．to helping
57．____ the help of the teacher, the student who wasn’t good at math ____ the difficult problem quickly.
A．Under; worked out    B．With; worked
C．Under; solved    D．With; solved
58．I went to see a film _____ last year.
A．every three weeks    B．every third weeks
C．each three weeks    D．each third week
59．Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _____we are working.
A．that    B．which
C．where    D．there
60．It was the middle of the night _______ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
A．that    B．when    C．since    D．which
参考答案
1．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词用法辨析。句意：-你告诉他会议推迟了吗？-没有。我还没来得及说话，他*冲出去了。A. since自从；B. after在……之后；C. before在……之前；来不及；D. unless除非。before表示“来不及……*……”，根据句意，故选C。
2．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句连接词。句意：然而，这些文本中有太多对我们来说很难的单词和短语。本句为定语从句修饰先行词words and expressions，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故用which，选A。
3．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：火山爆发，熔岩从山上倾泻而下，掩埋了几个村庄。句中逻辑主语volcano与bury之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然所带来的结果。故选C。
【点睛】
不定式和现在分词均可用结果状语，但两者用法有区别：现在分词用作结果状语，通常表示一种自然的结果，即属预料之中的事；不定式用作结果状语，主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即属预料之外的事。本题句中逻辑主语volcano与bury之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然所带来的结果。
4．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查状语从句。句意：让我们从昨天结束的地方开始，这样我们*不会错过任何东西。句中用where引导的地点状语从句，where表示“……的地方”。故选A。
5．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道小偷是否被当场抓住了。______ the thief was caught on the spot.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”的意思，故选A。
6．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词用法。句意：他失望地发现他的建议被拒绝了。“他的建议”和“拒绝”之间是被动关系，所以用find sth. done结构，故选D。
7．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查反意疑问句。句意：当欣赏老照片的时候，我们总能知道已经过去了多少时间，不是吗？本题为反意疑问句。反意疑问句它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。当陈述部分为肯定式，反义疑问句为否定式，当陈述部分为否定式，反义疑问句为肯定式。当陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致。本句的陈述部分*是一个主从复合句，其中We can always see how much time has passed是主句，因此要与主句的人称we及情态动词can一致，前肯后要否定，故本句的反意疑问句是can’t we?故选D。
【点睛】
1.反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成，**部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式：
He likes English, doesn't he? 他喜欢英语，是吗？
He doesn't like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语，是吗？
Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they? 每个人都喜欢这个聚会，是吗？。
2.当陈述部分为主从复合句时(比如主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句这样的句型)，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如：
She says that I was wrong, doesn't she? 她说我错了，是吗？
I told them not everybody could do it , didn't I?我告诉他们不是每个人都能做到的，不是吗？
3.但当陈述部分的主语是I(we)，谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。
I suppose that he's serious， isn't he? (不用don't I)
我想他是认真的吧？
I don't think she cares, does she? 我觉得她不在乎，是吗？
4.反意疑问句的陈述部分为非**人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
They all think that English is very important, don't they? （不用isn't it?）
他们都认为英语很重要，不是吗？
He didn't think that the news was true, did he? （不用wasn't/ was it?）
他认为这个消息不是真的，是吗？
8．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查语境及短语辨析。句意：“我们是来帮忙的，因为我们是一家人，即使我们生活在世界不同的地方，”这位志愿者说。in that因为，由于；even though即使，纵然；so that以便，以致；as though好像，仿佛。根据语境可知“即使我们生活中不同的地方，我们还是一家人”是让步，本小题是表示让步的，故选B。
9．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查现在完成进行时。句意:--- 哇！你画了那么多不同外星人的外貌！----我一直在访问很多关于外星人的网站。分析句子可知，由前句可知，指的是现在你画的。可推断出第二句是指从过去到现在一直在访问这些网站，动作从过去一直持续到现在，且这个动作一直在进行，故要用现在完成进行时，因此D符合题意，故选D。
10．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查现在完成进行时。句意: 我们的班主任几个月来一直在努力确保我们理解集中注意力的重要性。现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍在进行。分析本句可知，try这个动作现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行，这个动作可能仍在进行。且由“for months”也表明本句应该用现在完成进行时。故C选项正确。
【点睛】
1. 现在完成进行时的构成
肯定句：主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词...
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + been + 现在分词...
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 现在分词...?
现在完成进行时的用法
1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作
现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍在进行。
How long has it been snowing? 雪下多久了? （还在下雪）
2.表示现在经常重复的动作
Jack has been phoning Jane every night for the last week.上星期杰克天天晚上给简打电话。
3.用于得出结论
His eyes are red. He has been working too hard recently.他眼睛红了，准是*近工作太紧张了。
分析本句可知，try这个动作现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行，这个动作可能仍在进行。且由“for months”也表明本句应该用现在完成进行时。故C选项正确。
11．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查从属连词辨析，句意: 在他们把照片冲洗出来之前什么也没发生。当他们看照片时，他们看到树上挂着一些东西。A. since自从…以来；B. until直到；C. when当…时候；D. unless除非。until用于否定句作“在……以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until 所表示的时间才发生。所以until符合句意。故B选项正确。
12．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：你能想象我们未来的生活是什么样的吗?在宾语从句中，用陈述语序，故选D。
13．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定用法。句意：众所周知，中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。as is known to us众所周知，该用法是固定用法，故选B。
14．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意：这个房间住起来很好。主语 + be + adj. + to do，这是一个固定句型，不定式的主动式表示被动意义，排除A和B，live in居住，该短语是固定短语，故选D。
15．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：比赛开始前，他给了我一个坚定的眼神。该空修饰名词look，用形容词，只有D选项是形容词，故选D。
16．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意：这是我有生以来，**次看到这么美丽的景色。This / That/ It is/ was＋the＋序数词＋名词＋从句(从句中的时态要用完成时态；如前为is，则用现在完成时，如为was则用过去完成时)，故选B。
17．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：这家餐馆里的牛排糟透了，我多么希望我点的是米饭啊！根据“The steak in the restaurant was terrible.”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以应该用had+ 过去分词的形式，故D项正确。
【点睛】
wish后的宾语从句中，常表示不可能实现的愿望，表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语用动词过去式（be用were）；表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语用had+过去分词；表示与将来
事实相反时，从句谓语用could/would/should+动词原形。本题根据“The steak in the restaurant was terrible.”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以应该用had+ 过去分词的形式。
18．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——Mary去哪了？——她吃完早饭*出去了，从那以后她*一直在图书馆里写论文，你可以在那找到她。Mary写论文这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，应该用现在完成进行时，故C项正确。
19．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查反义疑问句。句意：当你读完这本书时，别忘了把它放回书架上，好么？表示请求的祈使句，反义疑问句用will you，故C项正确。
【点睛】
本题需要注意表示请求的祈使句，反义疑问句用will you而不用do you或don’t you。
20．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查反义疑问句。——正是努力地学习，使得Frank每次考试都得*高分，不是吗? ——是的。说到学习，努力学习很重要。反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成，**部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。疑问部分与陈述部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式。这里含有一个强调句，强调句型的反意疑问句，后半部分的附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一致，故选B。
21．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：成功总是藏在路的另一个拐角处，所以你永远不会知道它离你有多近，除非你转过这个拐角。A. as因为；B. if如果； C. though尽管；D. unless除非，根据题意，故选D。
22．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：无论他赢得了多大的名气，吴亦凡，一个受欢迎的华裔加拿大歌手，正试图用他的音乐连接东西方。A. However然而；B. Whatever无论； C. Whenever无论何时；D. Wherever无论哪里，根据题意，故选B。
23．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查同位语从句和there be句型。句意：未来几十年，大多数劳动力有可能在家工作吗?这里是一个there be句型，排除A和C；      the majority of the labour force will work at home in the next few decades是一个同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that，故选D。
24．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：近40年来，中国发生了巨大的变化。表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，用现在完成时，故选B。
25．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查不可数名词。句意：在英语老师的帮助下，他的英语写作取得了很大的进步。此处progress“进步”，是不可数名词，所以A/D不正确，再结合句意可知B项符合题意。
26．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：他说这是他第三次看“辉煌中国”。他禁不住为我们的**感到骄傲。it is the+序数词+that从句, that从句使用现在完成时；it was the+序数词+that从句,则that从句使用过去完成时。故C选项正确。
27．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查一般将来时。句意:--- Alice！把有关第13次 G20峰会的报纸给我。---好的，格林先生。我这*给你拿。分析句子可知，本句为一般将来时，will表示说话者或主语的意愿，决心，意向。 故B选项正确。
28．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查so as to 与 in order to的区别。句意：为了不饿怒，吃饭时，我经常吃一些健康的小点心。in order to do sth “为了做某事”可以用在句中或者句首。so as to“为了做某事”不可以用在句首。故D选项正确。
29．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查从属连词辨析。句意：既然这个故事登在报纸上，每个人都会相信它是真的。A. Unless除非；B. For因为；C. Since 既然；D. Until知道。分析句子可知，空处缺少从属连词，由句意可知，主从句表示因果关系，所以用since。故C选项正确。
30．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：他们回到家，发现他们的狗Spot，他们留下让Daniel负责看护的狗，快要饿死了。根据they found their dog可知“发现他们的狗Spot，快要饿死了”是发生在过去的事情，而“他们的狗Spot让Daniel负责看护”发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选C。
31．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：侦探Sam Peterson告诉记者，虽然他们没有否认Justin被外星人带走的说法，但他们正在研究其他可能性。A. when当…时；B. while虽然；C. unless除非；    D. until到…为止，根据题意，故选B。
32．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一个柬埔寨男孩在互联网上出名了。当被问及他是如何学会这么多语言时，他说他是从其他游客那里学来的。ask的逻辑主语是he，它们之间是被动关系，用过去分词作时间状语，故选A。
33．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——这些天我没见过Jacky。——她一直在为下周一的驾驶考试做准备。表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，用现在完成进行时，故选B。
34．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查强调句和宾语从句。句意：——你知道是什么使他在事业中成功吗？——知道，当然是他的他的努力和决心。据所给选项分析可知本题考查强调句型it is…that，该句型的特点是去掉it is…that句子的主体部分仍然完整。本题中know后面接的是宾语从句，而宾语从句*重要的一点*是必须是陈述句语序（即满足*基本的主谓结构）。而B、D选项分别是特殊疑问句和一般疑问句，故直接排除；C选项没有将宾语从句的引导词what提前，故排除，故选A。
【点睛】
本题考查强调句型与宾语从句的结合，做此类题目时要明确强调句型及宾语从句的特点，再分析每个选项从而得出*终的正确答案。
35．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型和动词的用法。句意：如果你愿意再教我一次如何使用这个表达，我将不胜感激。我也一直感谢你在过去帮助我学习英语。I’d appreciate it if如果可以，我将不胜感激，该句型是固定句型，排除A和B，appreciate doing感激…，该用法是固定用法，故选D。
36．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查不定式和动词用法。句意：为了避免被影响，这个学生坚持要求和他的室友们分开，他的室友们太吵闹了。分词常常表示为伴随，而动词不定式表示目的，排除C和D，avoid doing sth.避免做某事，该用法是固定用法，排除B，故选A。
37．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：当我走进阶梯教室时，讲座已经开始了，人们正在聚精会神地听着。根据entered，可知 “我走进阶梯教室时”这个动作发生在过去，而“讲座已经开始了”这个动作发生在过去的过去，所以**个空用过去完成时；第二个空表示过去的某一时间，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。
38．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们上个月参观的那个城镇*是那位著名画家出生的地方。注意在**个空后面的定语从句里的visit是一个及物动词，所以the town在定语从句里做的是visit的宾语，所以**个空我们可以用that, which或者省略。第二个空的先行词the one指代的还是the town,但是此时the town在定语从句里做的是地点状语，所以要用where来引导定语从句。故选B。
39．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：我很抱歉。我不知道你在跟我说话。本题一直是考生的一个难点。**要注意I am sorry表明后面所说的动作已经发生，要用一般过去时态，且speak表示过去动作的进行，所以用过去进行时态，故选C。
40．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他们在谈论他们在以前的学校里能记住的人和事。先行词是persons and things，定语从句缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，因为先行词有人也有物，所以用that引导定语从句，故选C。
【点睛】
定语从句：只能用that引导定语从句的几种常用情况
1.It is (high)time +定语从句中。
例如：It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。
2.当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口
语中，常可省略。例如：This is the way that my father did this work.这*是我父亲做此工作的方式。
3.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。
例如：This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。
4.当先行词有序数词时。
例如：You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的**个人。
5.当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时，
例如：This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这*是我在会上要说的。
6.当先行词既指人又指物时。
例如：The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .我听说的那位教授和他的成*得到他们的赞美。
7.当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。
例如：Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。
41．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定短语和过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：我们将把这里发生的事随时通知你。固定短语：inform sb. of sth.“告知某人某事”；固定结构：keep+宾语+宾语补足语。此处you和inform之间是一种被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
42．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查insist的用法。句意：我坚持说已经很晚了，我们坚决要求要停下来过夜。**空insist表示“坚持说”，用陈述语气；第二空insist“坚决要求”用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,其中should可以省略。结合句意可知答案为B。
【点睛】
Insist的用法：
（1）insist作"坚决要求"、"**要",其宾语从句常用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,其中should可以省略.如:Her father insists that she (should) learn music after she leaves school.
（2） insist作"坚持说"、"坚持认为"时,用陈述语气.如:Alice insisted that she had done nothing wrong.
温馨提示：其实你只要看后面从句的事情到底发生过没有,发生过的*是（2）了，没发生*是（1）
43．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：老师和学生们都喜欢玩这个游戏。along with连接两个主语时，后面的谓语动词遵循*远原则，和The teacher保持一致，且句子是一般现在时态，此处like“喜欢”，结合句意答案为B。
44．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查强调句式。句意：正是在学校门口，我们热烈欢迎了外国游客。此处是强调句式，It is/was +强调部分+---。故选B。
【点睛】
浅谈强调句
1. 用It is／was...that／who...句型表示强调。
（1）陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
（2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
（3）特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
注：被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。
2. not...until...句型的强调句：
句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分：
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
3. 强调谓语动词：用助动词do, does或did加动词原形来强调谓语动词。注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时态用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。如：Do come early. 务必早来。He did send you a letter last week. 昨天他确实寄给你一封信。
45．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了摆脱压力，我们需要深刻的思考和内心的平静。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为C。
46．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：做完作业的那对双胞胎获准在院子里打羽毛球。结合句意who _____ their homework中的动作先于主语谓语动词动作were allowed，也*是“过去的过去”，所以句子用过去完成时态，故选D。
47．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：我们期待的那**终于来了，我们赢得了一等奖。此处The day是先行词，后面we were looking forward to是定语从句，所以句子缺少谓语动词，而不是look forward to doing sth.“期盼做某事结构”。结合句意句子用一般过去时态，故答案为A。
48．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查so---that引导的结果状语从句。句意：这是一个如此困难的问题，我们谁也解不出来。此处是so+形容词+a/an +名词 that引导的结果状语从句，相当于such+ a/an +形容词+名词+that引导的结果状语从句。故选D。
【点睛】
1.so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句,如：This story is so interesting that I want to read it again.（这个故事如此有趣以至我想再读一次.）
2.so+形容词/副词+(a/an)+(单数)复数可数名词／+that+从句,如果句中的名词是单数可数名词,其前*要用
a或an,如果是复数可数名词或者,前面*不用,如： Those are so beautiful flowers that wants to pick them.（那些花是如此漂亮以至那个女孩想要摘下它们.）
3.such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that+从句,如：It is such an interesting story that I want to read it again.（这是一个如此有趣的故事以至我想再读一次.）
温馨提示：so+表示数量的词many/much/few/little(少)+名词，此时不能用such.
49．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查expect的用法和there be 句型。句意：——你认为会有多少学生出席这个会议？——我预计会有20个学生。expect to do表示“期待去做”，所以后面的there be 句型用不定式结构，故B项正确。
50．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查代词。句意：——Mary对George的评价不高。——但没有哪一种评价比George对Mary的评价更差。此处指的是George对Mary的评价，为his（opinion），故B项正确。
51．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：——Jenny看起来又热又干。——如果你发高烧的话，你也是这个样子。根据had判断此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，应该用would，故D项正确。
52．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定结构。句意：事实是那个老人正在过马路，突然我的车撞了他。be doing when…表示“正在做某事突然……”，故D项正确。
53．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查地点状语从句。句意：这张照片是我在上海著名的东方明珠拍摄的。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个地点状语从句，表示“东方明珠坐落的地方”，应该用where来引导，故C项正确。
【点睛】
同学们可以通过分析句子结构利用排除法解答，which和 in which引导定语从句，本句中没有先行词，所以首先排除，如果用there的话，两个分句之间没有连词，也没有意义上的联系，用where来引导这个地点状语从句，表示“东方明珠坐落的地方”。
54．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查表语从句和固定结构。句意：关于孩子抚养，有一点是肯定的，那*是孩子和妈妈在一起的时间越长越好。珍惜句子结构可知，本句是一个表语从句，**空缺少系动词，应该填is，第二个空是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……。”应该填better，故D项正确。
【点睛】
本题的难度在于**个空，有的同学没有分清句子结构而认为应该用being作介词of的宾语，但通过分析句子结构可知，本句是一个表语从句，to be certain of修饰One thing about child raising，**空缺少系动词。
55．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查分数的表达法。句意：那个**五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖。分子基数词，分母序数词，分子超过一，分母加s。分数做主语，此处代表不可数名词land ，所以用单数，故选C。
56．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：王先生决心尽他所能帮助灾区的穷人。此题中包含固定短语devote…to，其中to 为介词，后面应接定名词。动词devote后接的宾语为all，all又为先行词，后又包含一个定语从句：he could (do)。此题很容易误以为could后应接动词原形，而易选为A。答案为D。
57．D
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定搭配和时态。固定搭配with the help of在…的帮助下；work out计算出，制定出；work on从事于；solve解决。句意：在老师的帮助之下，那位擅长于数学的学生很快*解决了那道数学题。结合句意可知句子用一般过去时态，故选D。
58．A
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定用法。句意：去年我每三个星期去看一场电影。表示“每……”或“每隔”常用every,不用each。every three weeks/every third week“每隔三周”，故选A。
59．C
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意：从那时起，我们工作的工厂发生了巨大的变化。此处the factory 是先行词，where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。故选C。
60．B
【解析】
【详解】
考查连词。句意：那是半夜，父亲把我叫醒，叫我看足球赛。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，故B选项正确。本句不是强调句，如果把It was去掉，句子并不成立，the middle of the night前缺少介词。
 
 
完形填空
A Call to Action
We are here today because we want to stop global warming. Like me, you are trying hard to    1    your own personal carbon footprint. And these small,    2    changes do have an impact, do help    3   our carbon emissions.
But it is not   4    for individuals to change. We need governments to change. We need industry to change. We need big changes if we want to prevent global warming    5    destroying our planet.
One third of our global carbon emissions---35 percent---comes from   6    electricity. As a result, we need government and industry to work together to lower these    7   , more importantly, to develop new, cleaner technology to heat our homes,   8    our factories, and to keep lights    9   .
Another 20 percent, 20 percent of our emissions comes from transportation.    10   , We need government and industry to work together to build more energy    11    cars and trucks. Good    12    public transportation will allow us to    13    our cars and the pollution they produce forever.
Another 20 percent of all emissions comes from industry---our factories and businesses. They    14    tons upon tons of carbon into the air every   15   minute. It is time to say enough! We need these businesses to lower their own   16    carbon footprints.
So my    17   to you today is: keep trying to reduce your personal carbon footprint. But also stand up, stand up and    18    that government and industry do their    19   , because that is what will make a    20    .
1．A．increase B．decrease C．fall D．dominate
2．A．individual B．public C．collective D．united
3．A．promote B．undertake C．lower D．assist
4．A．fair B．tough C．rough D．enough
5．A．to B．with C．from D．on
6．A．generating B．creating C．completing D．differentiating
7．A．admissions B．permissions C．emissions D．transmissions
8．A．make B．power C．destroy D．maintain
9．A．out B．within C．beyond D．on
10．A．Therefore B．However C．Nonetheless D．Besides
11．A．primitive B．hazardous C．uneven D．efficient
12．A．commercial B．polluted C．quality D．fragile
13．A．get rid of B．count on C．do damage to D．get exposed to
14．A．assault B．release C．diminish D．spray
15．A．few B．single C．another D．each
16．A．flammable B．vocational C．personal D．recreational
17．A．data B．information C．news D．message
18．A．convert B．demand C．digest D．renew
19．A．part B．role C．standard D．characteristics
20．A．living B．point C．deal D．difference
 
    I was eleven years old when the fire broke out that year. I stood outside in just my underwear while I watched the    21    that I grew up in rapidly burn to the    22   . A few minutes earlier I had been    23    asleep in my nice, warm bed when a    24    woke me up. My mum’s bedroom was just next to mine and my brother’s. A fire had broken out there and    25    her. While I stumbled（跌跌撞撞地走）around in the    26    and darkness, she ran from room to room quickly waking everyone in the house. The house, however, was over 50 years old and made of wood. Before we could do anything the fire    27    it. We all barely    28    outside before the    29    engulfed(吞没) every room.
I stood there    30    while the fire destroyed my books, clothes, and toys. I watched       31    while my mum cried and my Dad swore. I    32    what was going to happen to us      33    we had lost all of our things. As I looked around, though, I realized something for the first time: The things that    34    aren’t things. I realized at that moment that we were all alive.    35    that was essential had    36    the fire. We would all be around to love each other for many years to come. And that was all that mattered.
I still think of that fire in the    37    that helped me to become who I am today. It showed me for the very first time what is truly    38    in this life. It helped me to learn that the love we    39    is far more important than the things we    40   .
21．A．room B．house C．floor D．yard
22．A．ground B．field C．ashes D．ruins
23．A．loud B．quick C．good D．sound
24．A．call B．scream C．voice D．noise
25．A．caught B．frightened C．awakened D．denied
26．A．smoke B．fire C．light D．noise
27．A．spared B．possessed C．consumed D．found
28．A．got it B．made it C．put it D．tried it
29．A．flames B．dust C．silence D．fear
30．A．nodding B．watching C．trembling D．staring
31．A．curiously B．bravely C．peacefully D．helplessly
32．A．wandered B．wondered C．fancied D．amazed
33．A．now that B．even if C．as if D．so that
34．A．rely B．mind C．matter D．value
35．A．Something B．Everything C．Nothing D．Anything
36．A．escaped B．saw C．survived D．passed
37．A．afternoon B．day C．morning D．night
38．A．basic B．reliable C．useless D．essential
39．A．share B．protect C．feed D．remember
40．A．apply B．aim C．support D．possess
 
    When I was five years old, I had a toy cat named Smokey. I took the brown    41     everywhere I went.
One day my parents and I went to the    42    with my toy cat. I remember I liked    43    with my parents. I always imagined that my    44    Smokey and I were going on a(n)    45   together. When I walked into the store I went    46   to the teddy bears. I made my toy cat Smokey play    47    his new friends Ted and Beary. By the time we got all the things we needed my parents told me it was time to    48   . They were already by the checkout counter    49    I left immediately. In my hurry I    50   the toy cat on the shelf.
We walked to the car and I started to help my parents put what we bought    51   .
Then we all started to    52    home. But then I realized that I left my toy cat at the
store. So I started to    53   , kicking my legs. But my parents didn’t want to go back. So I    54    them to go back to get my cat. I ran into the store as fast as I could. Smokey was just sitting there in the same place,    55    . I ran to my toy cat and   56    it up.
I still have my toy cat sitting on my desk. I haven’t played with it since I was five or six.    57    when I look through my   58   and see it, the cat brings back many    59    memories. Even the    60    things in life, like a brown cat named Smokey, can influence you in a very personal way.
41．A．pig B．dog C．cat D．hen
42．A．store B．factory C．station D．school
43．A．traveling B．playing C．sailing D．shopping
44．A．mother B．friend C．brother D．sister
45．A．fight B．exercise C．pleasure D．trip
46．A．hardly B．together C．straight D．finally
47．A．of B．with C．in D．to
48．A．leave B．settle C．stop D．recover
49．A．for B．so C．or D．but
50．A．came B．went C．left D．returned
51．A．outside B．indoor C．outdoor D．inside
52．A．walk B．find C．Fly D．drive
53．A．smile B．attack C．cry D．amaze
54．A．ordered B．begged C．surprised D．noticed
55．A．untouched B．unlocked C．unaccepted D．unforgotten
56．A．picked B．saved C．interviewed D．connected
57．A．Sometimes B．Some times C．Sometime D．Some time
58．A．kitchen B．box C．desk D．shelf
59．A．bad B．good C．new D．sad
60．A．best B．biggest C．worst D．smallest
 
    Last year, I was speaking at a gathering of wealthy male investors. The organizers posted the    61   of a survey showing that only a small percentage of wealthy men believed their wives spent too much.
“What?”    62   one participant, “Those guys have to be lying.”
There is no reliable    63   of who spends more among the rich: men or women. Both will say the other is the    64   spender.
A recent survey by Wilmington Trust, Campden Research and Relative Solutions proves the    65   . The companies polled 40 women (I know, that is more like a show of hands than “survey”), each with a net worth of $25 million or more.
About half the respondents（受调查者） inherited（继承） their    66   , a quarter    67    it from their husbands and the other quarter earned it    68   . That is roughly in line with other surveys of    69    women and the source of their money. One interesting note: among the self-made women, 90% got their money from owning a business, rather than    70    a salary.
As for    71   , almost all the women (90%) described their spending habits as “below their means.” The report on the survey said that is possibly    72    they do not view their extreme wealth as defining their success.
“Women tend not to spend as much as    73   and splash（泼洒得使到处是） their names all over the place,” said one woman in the survey, describing her spending as conservative and her lifestyle as “below the radar.”
Many women also worried about wealth having    74    effects on their children and didn’t want to spend lavishly（挥霍） to    75    a bad example.
At the same time, 70% of the women said they “buy nice things when    76   .” And 93.5% of the women said they were responsible for making    77    on major purchases, which    78    that they do a lot of the big spending.
Of course, for truly major purchases a house in Aspen, Colo., a Gulfstream, a Feadship the couple probably makes the decision    79   .
But what about other    80    ? Do you think men or women do most of the high-end spending?
61．A．directions B．reasons C．times D．consequences
62．A．cried B．sighed C．shouted D．laughed
63．A．data B．measure C．division D．news
64．A．better B．bigger C．smaller D．worse
65．A．affairs B．message C．point D．report
66．A．spirit B．money C．habit D．cost
67．A．bought B．robbed C．got D．earned
68．A．itself B．herself C．ourselves D．themselves
69．A．wealthy B．poor C．ordinary D．honest
70．A．making B．earning C．taking D．spending
71．A．buying B．wasting C．spending D．saving
72．A．when B．if C．whether D．because
73．A．women B．youth C．adults D．men
74．A．serious B．good C．bad D．various
75．A．send B．set C．do D．give
76．A．necessary B．possible C．pleased D．anxious
77．A．plans B．decisions C．appointments D．suggestions
78．A．notices B．stresses C．implies D．intends
79．A．away B．together C．as well D．out
80．A．purchases B．effects C．differences D．examples
 
参考答案
 
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．C
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．D
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．B
16．C
17．D
18．B
19．A
20．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了应对全球变暖问题，仅凭个人的改变是不够的，政府和企业也要各尽其责，共同努力来降低碳足迹。
1．考查动词词义辨析。A. increase增加；B. decrease减少；C. fall击倒；D. dominate控制。根据本空后的“your own personal carbon footprint”可知，你正在努力减少你的碳足迹，故B项正确。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。A. individual个人的；B. public公共的；C. collective集体的；D. united统一的。根据本空前的“personal”及下文的“individuals”可知，这些小的、个人的改变确实有影响，确实有助于降低我们的碳排放，故A项正确。
3．考查动词词义辨析。A. promote提升；B. undertake承担；C. lower减少、降低；D. assist协助。根据上文可知，这些改变有助于降低我们的碳排放，故C项正确。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。A. fair公平的；B. tough困难的；C. rough粗糙的；D. enough足够的。
根据本空后的“for individuals to change.”可知，但是仅凭个人的改变是不够的，故D项正确。
5．考查固定搭配。根据本空前的“We need big changes if we want to prevent global warming”可知，如果想要阻止全球变暖摧毁我们的地球，我们需要更大的改变，prevent…from doing表示“阻止……做某事”，故C项正确。
6．考查动词词义辨析。A. generating使形成、产生；B. creating创造；C. completing完成；D. differentiating使不同。根据本空前的“One third of our global carbon emissions---35 percent---comes from”可知，全球三分之一的碳排放来自发电，故A项正确。
7．考查名词词义辨析。A. admissions承认；B. permissions许可；C. emissions排放；D. transmissions传输。上文说全球三分之一的碳排放来自发电，我们需要政府和企业共同努力来降低碳排放，故C项正确。
8．考查动词词义辨析。A. make制作；B. power发电；C. destroy破坏；D. maintain维持。根据本空前的“develop new, cleaner technology to heat our homes”可知，更重要的是，要开发新的、更清洁的技术为家庭供暖以及为工厂发电，故B项正确。
9．考查固定搭配。我们要开发新的、更清洁的技术为家庭供暖、为工厂发电以及点灯，keep… on表示“让……开着”，故D项正确。
10．考查副词词义辨析。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Nonetheless尽管如此；D. Besides况且。根据本空前的“Another 20 percent, 20 percent of our emissions comes from transportation.”可知，五分之一的碳排放来自交通运输，因此我们需要政府和汽车产业生产更节能的汽车和卡车，故A项正确。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。A. primitive原始的；B. hazardous冒险的；C. uneven不均匀的；D. efficient有效的。上文说我们需要政府和汽车产业生产更节能的汽车和卡车，energy efficient表示“节能的”，故D项正确。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。A. commercial    商业的；B. polluted受污染的；C. quality质量；D. fragile易碎的。根据本空后的“public transportation will allow us to ____13____ our cars and the pollution they produce forever.”可知，优质的公共交通会让我们永远摆脱汽车和它们产生的污染，good quality表示“高质量的”，故C项正确。
13．考查动词短语辨析。A. get rid of    摆脱；B. count on依靠；C. do damage to危害；D. get exposed to暴露于。上文说优质的公共交通会让我们永远摆脱汽车和它们产生的污染，故A项正确。
14．考查动词词义辨析。A. assault攻击；B. release排放；C. diminish减少；D. spray喷射。根据本空后的“tons upon tons of carbon into the air every___15___minute.”可知，工厂和企业每分钟向空气中排放一吨又一吨的碳，故B项正确。
15．考查固定搭配。上文说工厂和企业每分钟向空气中排放一吨又一吨的碳，every single表示“每一”，故B项正确。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。A. flammable易燃的；B. vocational职业的；C. personal个人的；D. recreational娱乐的。根据上文中的“personal carbon footprint”可知，我们需要这些企业降低自身的碳足迹，故C项正确。
17．考查名词词义辨析。A. data数据；B. information信息；C. news新闻；D. message启示、信息。根据本空后的“to you today is: keep trying to reduce your personal carbon footprint.”可知，**我要告诉你的是，继续努力减少你自身的碳足迹，故D项正确。
18．考查动词词义辨析。A. convert转变；B. demand要求；C. digest消化；D. renew更新。根据本空后的“that government and industry do their ____19____,”可知，我们还要要求政府和企业各尽其责，故B项正确。
19．考查固定搭配。根据上文可知，我们还要要求政府和企业各尽其责，do one’s part表示“尽自己的职责”，故A项正确。
20．考查固定搭配。我们还要要求政府和企业各尽其责，因为这将会有很大的影响，make a difference表示“有影响”，故D项正确。
 
21．B
22．A
23．D
24．B
25．C
26．A
27．C
28．B
29．A
30．C
31．D
32．B
33．A
34．C
35．B
36．C
37．D
38．D
39．A
40．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者在11岁的时候家里发生火灾，房子迅速被夷为平地。庆幸的是家人都还活着。这次火灾向作者展示了生命中真正重要的是什么。它帮助作者认识到，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。
21．考查名词。A. room房间；B. house房子；C. floor地板；D. yard院子。我十一岁的时候，家里着火，我只穿着内衣站在外面，看着我长大的房子迅速被夷为平地。故选B。
22．考查名词。A. ground地面；B. field领域；C. ashes灰烬；D. ruins废墟。我十一岁的时候，家里着火，我只穿着内衣站在外面，看着我长大的房子迅速被夷为平地。故选A。
23．考查形容词。A. loud大声的；B. quick迅速的；C. good好的；D. sound合理的。几分钟前，我正熟睡在温暖舒适的床上，突然一声尖叫把我惊醒了。故选D。
24．考查名词。A. call电话；B. scream尖叫；C. voice声音；D. noise噪音。几分钟前，我正熟睡在温暖舒适的床上，突然一声尖叫把我惊醒了。房子着火，只有scream符合当时的语境。故选B。
25．考查动词。A. caught抓住；B. frightened使害怕；C. awakened使醒来；D. denied拒绝。那里突然起了火，把她惊醒了。故选C。
26．考查名词。A. smoke烟；B. fire火；    C. light光线；D. noise噪音。因为起火，所以**有“烟”；再根据darkness可知作者在烟雾和黑暗中跌跌撞撞地走。故选A。
27．考查动词。A. spared抽出；B. possessed拥有；C. consumed消耗；D. found发现。我们还没来得及做什么，火*把它烧成了废墟。可知C项符合题意，故选C。
28．考查固定搭配。A. got it明白了，懂了；B. made it成功做成了某事；    C. put it叙述；D. tried it尝试。我们刚走到外面，火焰*吞没了每个房间。故选B。
29．考查名词。A. flames火焰；B. dust灰尘；C. silence沉默；D. fear害怕。我们刚走到外面，火焰*吞没了每个房间。故选A。
30．考查动词。A. nodding点头；B. watching观看；C. trembling颤抖；D. staring盯着。我颤抖着站在那里，大火烧毁了我的书、衣服和玩具。因为大火，害怕的“颤抖”，符合语境，故选C。
31．考查副词。A. curiously充满好奇地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. peacefully平静地；D. helplessly无助地。我无助地看着妈妈哭着，爸爸骂着。故选D。
32．考查动词。A. wandered徘徊；B. wondered想知道；C. fancied想象；D. amazed使惊讶。我不知道我们现在会发生什么事，因为我们失去了所有的东西。故选B。
33．考查状语从句。A. now that既然；B. enen if即使；C. as if    好像；D. so that为了。我不知道我们现在会发生什么事，因为我们失去了所有的东西。此处是now that引导的原因状语从句，故选A。
34．考查动词。A. rely依靠；B. mind介意；C. matter关键，重要；D. value估价。重要的不是那些东西。在那一刻，我意识到我们都活着。故选C。
35．考查不定代词。A. Something某事；B. Everything每件事物；C. Nothing没有什么；D. Anything任何事情。在那一刻，我意识到我们都活着。一切必要的东西都在大火中幸存下来。故选B。
36．考查动词。A. escaped逃脱；B. saw看见；C. survived幸存；D. passed通过。在那一刻，我意识到我们都活着。一切必要的东西都在大火中幸存下来。故选C。
37．考查名词。A. afternoon下午；B. day天；C. morning上午；D. night夜晚。我仍然记得那一夜的大火，它帮助我成为**的我。故选D。
38．考查形容词。A. basic基本的；    B. reliable可靠的；C. useless无用的；D. essential基本的，必要的。它**次向我展示了生命中真正重要的是什么。故选D。
39．考查动词。A. share分享；B. protect    保护；C. feed    喂养；D. remember记得。它帮助我认识到，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。故选A。
40．考查动词。A. apply申请；B. aim打算，瞄准；C. support支持；D. possess拥有。它帮助我认识到，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。故选D。
 
41．C
42．A
43．D
44．B
45．D
46．C
47．B
48．A
49．B
50．C
51．D
52．D
53．C
54．B
55．A
56．A
57．A
58．C
59．B
60．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候和一只玩具猫的故事。作者有一只非常喜欢的玩具猫，到哪都带着它。有一次和父母一起购物时把它忘在商店，*后返回商店找到了玩具猫。现在虽然不再和玩具猫玩了，但它给作者很多回忆。
41．考查名词辨析。 A. pig猪；B. dog狗；C.cat帽子；D. hen母鸡。根据前面 的“, I had a toy cat named Smokey. I took the brown”可知，作者有一只玩具“猫”，故选C。
42．考查名词辨析。A. store商店；B. factory工厂；C. station车站；D. school学校。根据第6小题后的“When I walked into the store…”可知，作者和父母去了商店，故选A。
43．考查动词辨析。A. traveling    旅行；B. playing玩；C. sailing航海；D. shopping购物。根据文中提到的商店及后文内容可知，作者跟随父母去商店“购物（shopping）”故选D。
44．考查名词辨析。A. mother母亲；B. friend朋友；    C. brother兄弟；D. sister姐妹。通读全文可知，Smokey是一只玩具猫，作者把它当作“朋友(friend)“。故选B。
45．考查名词辨析。A. fight战斗；B. exercise练习；C. pleasure快乐；D. trip旅行。作者总是想象他和玩具猫一起去“旅行（trip）“，故选D。
46．考查副词辨析。A. hardly几乎不；B. together一起；C. straight径直；D. finally*后。作者进入商店，直接走向泰迪熊玩具那里。go straight to…意为“径直走向……”，故选C。
47．考查介词辨析。 A. of…的；B. with和……一起；    C. in    在…..里面；D. to朝…。他让他的玩具猫“和”泰迪熊玩，play with…意为“与……一起玩”，故选B。
48．考查动词辨析。A. leave离开；B. settle解决；C. stop停止；D. recover恢复。他们买好了需要的东西，父母告诉作者该“走了(leave)”，故选A
49．考查介词辨析。A. for    因为，为了……；B. so因此; C. or或者；D. but但是。作者的父母已在收银台那里付帐了， “因此”作者马上离开了，故选B。
50．考查动词辨析。A. came来；B. went    走；C. left离开，遗弃，丢；D. returned返回。根据第12题后的“But then I realized that I left my toy cat at the store.”可知，匆忙中，作者把他的玩具猫“遗忘（left）”在货架上，故选C。
51．考查副词辨析。A. outside在外面；B. indoor在里面；C. outdoor在户外；    D. inside在里面。根据语境可知，他们走到汽车那里，作者开始帮助父母把买的东西装到车“里面（inside）”，故选D。
52．考查动词辨析。A. walk散步；B. find发现；C. fly飞行；D. drive开车。根据空第10和第11题之间的“We walked to the car”可知，作者一家人是开（drive）车来购物的，故选D。
53．考查动词辨析。A. smile微笑；B. attack袭击；C. cry哭泣；D. amaze使惊讶。根据语境可知，作者在回家的路上，发现玩具猫忘在了商店，所以他“哭（cry）”了，故选C 。
54．考查动词辨析。A. ordered命令；B. begged乞求；C. surprised使惊讶；D. noticed注意。作者想去商店取玩具猫，但他的父母不愿意回去，于是作者“乞求（begged）”他们，故选B。
55．考查形容词辨析。A. untouched未被动过的；B. unlocked未上锁的；C. unaccepted未被接纳的；D. unforgotten难以忘却的。返回商店后，作者迅速跑到放玩具猫的地方，发现它还在原地，“没有被动过（untouched）”故选A。
56．考查动词辨析。A. picked拾起，捡起；B. saved节约，节省；C. interviewed采访；Connected联系。作者跑到他的玩具猫那里，把它“捡起来（picked）”。pick …up为固定搭配，意为“捡起”，故选A。
57．考查语境。 A. Sometimes有时；B. Some times好几次；C. Sometime某时；D. Some time一般时间。作者的玩具猫仍在桌子上，自从五六岁时他*不再玩了。“有时（Sometimes）”看到它，仍然会有美好的回忆，故选A。
58．考查名词辨析。A. kitchen厨房；B. box盒子；C. desk课桌；D. shelf书架。根据本段**句“I still have my toy cat sitting on my desk.”可知，作者把他的玩具猫放在“课桌（desk）”上，故选C。
59．考查形容词辨析。A. bad坏的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. sad悲伤的。根据语境可知，玩具猫给作者带来许多“美好的（good）”回忆，故选B。
60．考查形容词辨析。A. best*好；B. biggest*大；C. worst*坏；D. smallest*小的。根据后面的“like a brown cat named Smokey,”可知，本空格表达的是，“甚至是*小的（smallest）事物也会对个人产生影响，如一只叫Smokey的棕色猫”。故选D。
 
61．D
62．C
63．B
64．B
65．C
66．B
67．C
68．D
69．A
70．B
71．C
72．D
73．D
74．C
75．B
76．A
77．B
78．C
79．B
80．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了*近的一项调查发现富人男性比女性更能花钱。
61．考查名词词义辨析。A. directions方向；B. reasons原因；C. times次数；D. consequences结果。根据本空后的“showing that only a small percentage of wealthy men believed their wives spent too much”可知，组织者公布了一项调查结果，结果显示只有一小部分富人认为妻子花钱太多，故D项正确。
62．考查动词词义辨析。A. cried哭泣；B. sighed叹气；C. shouted大喊；D. laughed笑。根据本空后的“one participant, “Those guys have to be lying.””可知，一个参与者大喊，“他们在说谎”，故C项正确。
63．考查名词词义辨析。A. data数据；B. measure衡量；C. division分配；D. news消息。根据本空后的“of who spends more among the rich: men or women.”可知，关于富人中男性和女性谁更能花钱这一问题上没有一个可靠的衡量，故B项正确。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。A. better更好的；B. bigger更大的；C. smaller更小的；    D. worse更差的。他们都说对方更能花钱，故B项正确。
65．考查名词词义辨析。A. affairs事务；    B. message信息；C. point要点、观点；D. report报告。上文提到了富人中男性和女性谁更能花钱，此处是说*近的一项调查证明了这一点，故C项正确。
66．考查名词词义辨析。A. spirit精神；B. money金钱、财富；C. habit习惯；D. cost花销。上文说这是一项关于金钱方面的调查，此处是说大约一半的受调查者继承了她们的财富，故B项正确。
67．考查动词词义辨析。A. bought买；B. robbed抢劫；C. got得到；    D. earned挣。根据本空后的“it from their husbands”可知，四分之一的受调查者从她们的丈夫那里得到钱，故C项正确。
68．考查代词词义辨析。A. itself它自己；B. herself她自己；C. ourselves我们自己；D. themselves她们自己。根据本空前的“and the other quarter earned it”可知，另外四分之一的女性说她们自己挣钱，故D项正确。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。A. wealthy富有的；B. poor穷的；C. ordinary平常的；D. honest诚实的。根据上文可知，这是对富人的调查，这个调查结果和其他对富有女性和其财富来源的调查结果高度一致，故A项正确。
70．考查动词词义辨析。A. making制作；B. earning挣钱；C. taking带走；D. spending花费。在自己赚钱的女性中，90%的财富来自于自己创业而不是领薪水，故B项正确。
71．考查动词词义辨析。A. buying买；B. wasting浪费；C. spending花费、花销；D. saving节省。根据上文内容可知，这是对花销的调查，因此此处指的是花销，故C项正确。
72．考查连词词义辨析。A. when当……时；B. if如果；C. whether是否；D. because因为。上文说90%的女性认为自己的花销习惯低于收入水平，此处解释原因，这可能是因为她们不认为自己的巨大财富是成功的全部意义所在，故D项正确。
73．考查名词词义辨析。A. women女人；B. youth青年；C. adults成人；    D. men男人。上文说这是一项关于男性和女性谁更能花钱的调查，一位参与者说女性往往不像男性那么能花钱，到处宣扬自己，故D项正确。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。A. serious严肃的；B. good好的；C. bad坏的；D. various不同的。根据本空后的“effects on their children”可知，她们担心富有会对孩子造成不好的影响，故C项正确。
75．考查固定搭配。她们不想挥霍钱为孩子树立一个不好的例子，set a… example表示“树立一个……的榜样、例子”，故B项正确。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。A. necessary必要的；B. possible可能的；C. pleased高兴的；D. anxious焦虑的。70%的女性说她们只在必要的时候才买好东西，故A项正确。
77．考查名词词义辨析。A. plans计划；B. decisions决定；C. appointments约会；D. suggestions建议。93.5%的女性表示她们负责为重大采购的决策，这意味着她们要花很多钱，故B项正确。
78．考查动词词义辨析。A. notices注意；B. stresses强调；C. implies意味；D. intends倾向。她们负责为重大采购的决策，这意味着她们要花很多钱，故C项正确。
79．考查副词词义辨析。A. away离开；B. together共同；C. as well也；D. out在外。根据本空前的“Of course, for truly major purchases a house in Aspen, Colo., a Gulfstream, a Feadship the couple probably makes the decision”可知，当然对于像买房子这样真正的大件，夫妻二人可能会一起做决定，故B项正确。
80．考查名词词义辨析。A. purchases所购物；B. effects影响；C. differences不同；D. examples例子。上文说对于像买房子这样真正的大件，夫妻二人可能会一起做决定，此处与前面对比，指的是在购买其他的东西方面，故A项正确。
 

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